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This article is divided into the following sections: |
H. fulva 'Kwanso' (Kitamura, 1964) |
Introduction |
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Hemerocallis Species Pictures |
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G1 |
Flowers are yellow (but not orange-yellow), fragrant and open in late afternoon or early evening and stay open at least till the next morning or longer (nocturnal and some are even extended) |
G4 |
Flowers not yellow, but orange-yellow, orange, fulvous, red-orange, red or rose, not fragrant or only faintly fragrant and open in the morning (diurnal) |
G2 |
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G2 |
Flowers are orange-yellow, orange, fulvous, red or rose; if orange-yellow or orange they always show a darker eye above the throat, if fulvous, red or rose this eye is normally present but can also be missing or very faint; they normally close in the evening and are only half a day open per flower, not fragrant (diurnal); spreading rhizomes (runners), 1-3 bracts below inflorescence |
F1(Fulva Group) |
Flowers are orange-yellow or orange, have no eye, some early flowering ones may be extended (diurnal), bracts only at inflorescence and within inflorescence (seldom l bract below inflorescence) |
G3 |
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G3 |
Flowers are slightly fragrant or odourless, orange-yellow or orange, rarely lemon yellow, the first 2 bracts are normally close together on the scape, opposite to each other, normally overlapping; inflorescence short sometimes head-like (mostly showing a compact crown) |
M1(Middendorffii Group) |
Flowers are not fragrant, orange-yellow to orange (but not yellow), the lowest 2 bracts normally not very close together and not overlapping |
U1(Multiflora Group) |
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G4 |
Flowers open in late afternoon or early evening and are extended (more than 24 hours open), flowers in late spring or early summer and is normally finished midsummer; scape height normally less than 100cm tall, number of flowers per scape is normally less or equal 12, leaves 0.4-1.0cm wide |
L1(Lilioasphodelus Group) |
Flowers open in late afternoon or early evening and close during the next morning (at cloudy cool days they may last until noon), starts to flower in midsummer and late summer (and some continue until early autumn); scape height normally 100cm tall or taller, number of flowers normally 12 or much more (up to 100), leaves 1.0-2.0cm wide |
C1(Citrina Group) |
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L1 |
Scape seldom has more than 2-4 flowers, scape not more than 60cm tall; leaves are grass-like and less than 0.8cm wide, roots cord-like with diam. ~0.1cm, seldom has any thickened parts at the end; origin is China, Korea, Siberia |
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Scape has normally more than 5 flowers, scape normally taller than 60cm, leaves broader than 0.8 cm wide; roots diam. ~0.2 cm |
L2 |
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L2 |
Plant produces runners up to 10cm long and, therefore, looks like a loose clump; bud tip dark green, bud outside is green-yellow; origin is China, Korea |
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Runners short and seldom more than a few cm long, therefore. it looks like a rather dense clump; sepal outside can be sometimes brownish-red; origin is Japan |
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C1 |
Ratio between petal length and petal width is less than 3.5:1; tube rather short (up to 3cm), number of flowers per scape normally not more than 20; origin is China, Korea, Japan |
(incl. H. coreana) |
Ratio between petal length and petal width is greater than 3.5:1; tube 3cm long or longer, number of flowers per scape normally more than 20 |
C2 |
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C2 |
Tube is at least half the length of the tepal length; origin is China |
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Tube is smaller than half the length of the tepal length |
C3 |
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C3 |
Tepals normally more than 7cm long, bud tip normally almost black; leave margins in late spring normally still reddish at the base, sepal outside greenish yellow; origin is China |
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Tepals normally not more than 7cm long, bud tip normally same colour or only a little bit darker than the rest of the bud; sepal outside can sometimes get brownish-red towards bud maturing; origin is Japan |
vespertina |
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M1 |
Bud and sepal outside sometimes more or less brownish-red, but if outside has none or almost no touch of brownish-red; then the branches are repeatedly branched at the end |
M2 |
Bud and sepal outside somehow greenish or orange-yellow |
M5 |
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M2 |
Normally only 1 flower per scape seldom 2 (or 3), scape only 25cm tall; sepal outside brownish-red; origin is China |
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At least 2 flowers or more, scape taller than 20cm |
M3 |
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M3 |
5-12 flowers per scape, outside either brownish red or almost no touch of brownish-red, the branches are repeatedly branched at the end, lowest bracts up to 6cm long, flowers red-orange or orange; pedicel 2-3cm long; tube 2cm or shorter; scape less than 50cm tall; origin is China |
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Normally less than 6 flowers per scape |
M4 |
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M4 |
Scape no taller than 60cm but normally more than 20cm tall, with 2 or 4 flowers (seldom 3 rarely more than 4); petals less than 1.8cm wide; origin is Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Siberia |
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Scape up to 75cm tall with 2-3 flowers; petals up to 2.5cm wide, bracts dying when last flower is closed; origin is Siberia |
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M5 |
No branch visible, if existing then hidden in the bracts; a branch seldom overtopping the head-like inflorescence, with another upper head-like inflorescence; inflorescence surrounded at the bottom by 2 opposite bracts, every one of the 2 bracts almost surrounding the scape at its attachment, bracts normally longer than 2cm and broader than 1.5cm at base; distance between lowest 2 bracts and the first series of head-like arranged flowers less than 0.5cm, there is seldom a second series of head-like arranged flowers which looks the same as the first series, this also applies to the 2 surrounding bracts; origin is Korea, Japan, Siberia, Sakhalin Island |
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Branches clearly visible on inflorescence, not hidden within the bracts; pedicel visible and not hidden within the pairs of bracts |
M6 |
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M6 |
Leaves evergreen in winter; a set of new leaves for winter develop in late summer; origin is Japan |
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Leaves dying back in winter; a set of new leaves develop in springtime |
M7 |
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M7 |
Scape relatively thick being normally more than 0.5cm thick and between 50-l50cm tall, 15-30 flowers on well-developed plants; origin is Japan |
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Scape normally less than 0.5cm thick and less than l00cm tall |
M8 |
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M8 |
Leaves > 1.4cm wide, scape robust and > 0.4cm wide at base; origin is Japan, Sakhalin Island |
(incl. H. pedicellata) |
Leaves <= 1.4cm wide, scape slender and <= 0.2cm wide at base; origin is Korea |
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U1 |
Lowest bracts 2cm long or shorter, flowers trumpet-shape, 5-11 flowers per scape, orange-yellow; origin is China |
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Lowest bracts longer than 3cm or number of flowers more than 15 per scape |
U2 |
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U2 |
Scape relatively weak and bending after it started to flower; tube shorter than 1.5cm; tepals shorter than 5cm; branches up to 7; origin is China |
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Scape normally upright or almost upright when in flower, tube 2-3.2cm long, tepals longer than 6cm, branches 2-4; origin is Korea |
U3 |
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U3 |
Tepals between 4.5 and 9cm, branches 2-4, scape between 32-145cm tall capsule 2-2.5cm long, 1.1-1.5cm in diameter; origin is Korea |
(incl. H. micrantha) |
Tepals between 7.8 and 11cm, branches 2-3, scape between 60-67cm, capsule 2.5-4.1cm long, 1.7-2.5cm in diameter; origin is in southern islands of Korea |
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F1 |
Flowers are rose or rosy-fulvous; origin is China |
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Flowers are not rose or rosy-fulvous but orange-yellow, orange, fulvous or red |
F2 |
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F2 |
Flowers are double |
F3 |
Flowers are single |
F5 |
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F3 |
Flowers are orange with red eye, no part of style is visible, third row of segments overlaps totally the first row of segments (sepals), anthers sometimes visible on the additional segments, flower looks nicely double with more than 15 segments |
'Flore Pleno' |
Flowers are yellow-orange with a red eye, part of the style is visible in the center before it splits up into additional flower segments, stamens and divided pistils; flower normally looks untidy and sometimes almost single depending on climate conditions, triploid |
F4 |
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F4 |
Leaves variegated |
Variegata' |
Leaves green |
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F5 |
Leaves evergreen or sub-evergreen |
F6 |
Leaves die in winter |
F7 |
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F6 |
Leaves dark green, narrow 4-8mm wide, starts to flower very late in the season; frost may kill the buds; origin is southern Japan |
var. sempervirens |
Leaves somewhat yellowish green, broad 10-l5mm wide, starts to flower late in the season but normally enough time to fruit before real frost starts; origin is coastal areas of Japan |
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F7 |
Leaves 20-60cm long |
F8 |
Leaves 80-130cm long |
F10 |
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F8 |
Leaves 35-60cm long, scape 50-70cm long, tepal length 8-10cm, flower tube 2-3cm long; origin is China |
var. oppositibracteata |
Leaves 20-40cm long |
F9 |
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F9 |
Flower segments narrow pointed with red halo, diploid; origin is Northern India (towards Himalayan region) |
var. angustifolia |
Scape 25-50cm tall, triploid; origin is Japan |
var. pauciflora |
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F10 |
Flower diameter larger than 13.5cm (largest H. fulva flower), flower colouring similar like H. fulva 'Europa' but a bit brighter; origin is China |
var. maculata |
Flower diameter less than l3cm |
F11 |
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F11 |
Flowers usually red (in Japan) or orange-yellow with fulvous overlay (China), eye not prominent to almost missing, only 4-10 flowers on an inflorescence, perianth tube slender and 3cm long or more, leaves slender 4-8mm wide, plants 40-70cm high ; origin is Japan and China |
var. longituba |
Flowers yellow-orange, orange, fulvous or red, eye normally prominent to very prominent, perianth tube usually less then 3cm long, leaves normally wider than 8mm |
F12 |
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F12 |
Flowers usually orange-yellow, perianth tube 25-30(up to 40)mm long, 6-20 flowers on an inflorescence, leaves 8-25mm wide, plants 40-150cm high; origin is Japan |
var. disticha |
Plants not showing above combination of characters |
and its clones |
(without the double flowering 'Flore Pleno' and 'Kwanso') |
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FC1 |
Flowers orange with scarlet edge; leaves remain green until first frost; origin is China (Chengtu) |
'Chengtu' |
FC2 |
Flowers coppery-red with golden centre and a well-marked golden line down the middle of the petals, scape 100cm long; origin is China (Hupeh) |
'Cypriani' |
FC3 |
Flowers fulvous-orange with bright orange mid stripe, broad eye-zone, visible darker veins, 12-13cm in diameter, tube 2cm long, scape 100-130cm long, 10-18 flowers per scape, triploid; origin unknown (meanwhile wide-spread by humans during the past centuries) |
'Europa' |
FC4 |
Flowers rich yellowish-orange, bold purple to scarlet eye, 14cm in diameter; origin is China (province Hupeh, cultivated near Hankow) |
'Hankow' |
FC5 |
Flowers bright coppery red with a yellow throat, very reflexed and undulating; origin is China (Hupeh) |
'Hupehensis' |
FC6 |
Pronounced halo, leaves evergreen, late flowering; early colonists brought it along from Europe to America; it is very common in Louisiana and other southern states |
'Vieux Carre' |
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Fr1 |
Flowers are rose with a darker very pronounced eye |
'Rosalind' |
Flowers are antique rose or rosy-fulvous without eye or not very pronounced eye |
Fr2 |
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Fr2 |
Flowers antique rose with a diameter of 13cm |
'Pastelrose' |
Flowers rosy-fulvous |
(Nesmith clone) |
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